Ibintu Bifatika Ugomba Kwirinda ku Bwoko Bwose bw'Imiyoboro y'Amashanyarazi: Irinde Amakosa 5 Asanzwe y'Abahanga mu by'Amashanyarazi Kugira ngo Urebe Ko Ikoreshwa ry'Amashanyarazi Ritekanye

Mu kwezi gushize, umutekinisiye w’amashanyarazi mu ruganda rukora ibintu yakoze ikosa risa n’aho rito ubwo yakoreshaga imashini igabanya umuriro (RCCB): yahinduye umurongo w’insinga zo hasi nta gusuzuma kabiri. Mu isaha imwe, habaye ikibazo cyo kuva kw’amazi mu ruganda, ariko RCCB ntiyashoboye kugwa, bituma umukozi agwa n’amashanyarazi bituma uruganda rufunga kugira ngo rukomeze gusanwa. Iki kibazo si ikidasanzwe—ibirenga 60% by’igabanuka ry’imashini zigabanya umuriro biterwa n’imikorere mibi, ibyo bikaba byongera ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga gusa ahubwo binateza ibyago bikomeye by’umutekano. Uyu munsi, turasuzuma amakosa 5 akunze kugaragara ku batekinisiye b’amashanyarazi iyo bakorana n’ubwoko bwose bw’imashini zigabanya umuriro, bagufasha kwirinda amakosa no kugenzura ko amashanyarazi akoreshwa neza.

Ingaruka nyamukuru y'imikorere idahwitse iri mu kutagaragara no kwangiza kwayo. Amakosa menshi mato, nko guhuza ibyuma biremereye cyangwa guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho mu buryo butunguranye, ashobora kudahita atera gucika intege ariko buhoro buhoro byangiza imikorere y'icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi, bigatera impanuka zo gusimbuka cyane, gusimbuka igihe gito, cyangwa gusohoka kw'amazi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bihagarika amashanyarazi (Air Circuit Breakers - ACB, Molded Case Circuit Breakers - MCCB, Miniature Circuit Breakers - MCB, Residual Current Breakers - RCCB, Residual Current Breaker hamwe n'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi arenze urugero - RCBO) bifite imiterere n'imikorere bitandukanye, bityo ibyago n'uburyo bwo kwirinda ibikorwa bidahwitse nabyo biratandukanye.

Dore ibikorwa 5 bidakwiye abahanga mu by'amashanyarazi bakunze gukora bakoresheje ubwoko bwose bwa circuit breakers, hamwe n'ubuyobozi bw'inzobere mu kubyirinda:

Ikosa1(ACB): Gufunga intoki mu buryo butari bwo nta gukata umutwaro, bigatera umunaniro ukabije, guhagarara k'umuvuduko muke, ndetse no gukomereka k'umuvuduko.Ubuyobozi:Kurikiza uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga ACB mu bihe by'umutwaro mwinshi—banza uce umutwaro, urebe neza niba hari amakosa ari mu muyoboro, hanyuma ufunge switch kugira ngo wirinde ko ikora neza mu gihe cy'umutwaro.

Ikosa2(MCCB):Gufungura no gufunga kenshi intoki, bigatuma uburyo bwo gukora bushira, ubushobozi bwo kugabanuka, ndetse n'igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka.Ubuyobozi:Sobanura inshuro zikwiye zo gufungura no gufunga MCCB—wirinde gukora kenshi n'intoki keretse bibaye ngombwa, kandi ukore hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'ibikoresho.

Ikosa3(MCB):Gusimbuza MCB umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uri hejuru mu buryo butunguranye, bigatuma habaho uburinzi budakora neza no gutwika ibikoresho bitewe no kunanirwa kugwa mu gihe cy’umutwaro mwinshi.Ubuyobozi:Hitamo umuvuduko wa MCB ukurikije umutwaro nyawo—ntuzigere uwusimbuza ibisobanuro binini uko ubyishakiye, kuko uzatakaza imikorere yo kurinda umutwaro mwinshi.

Ikosa rya 4 (RCCB/RCBO):

I. Ibikorwa Bisanzwe Bidakwiye

Amakosa Rusange:

1. Guhuza insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye n'izikora neza, byangiza uruziga rw'amashanyarazi rusigaye;

2.Kunanirwa gukora ibizamini bya 'sistant current' byakozwe hifashishijwe buto y'ikizamini igihe kirekire, bigatuma imirimo yo kurinda idakorwa neza;

3. Guhagarika burundu uburyo bwo kurinda umuriro usigaye mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko kugira ngo hatabaho ku ngufu uburinzi bw'ibanze.

Amakosa yihariye ya RCCB:

1. Gukoresha ukwabyo mu kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi/umuvuduko mugufi (RCCB ntizigira imikorere yo kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi);

2. Uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibintu butari bwo iyo bihujwe n'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi (gushyiramo RCCB mbere y'uko ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi bitangira amashanyarazi).

Amakosa yihariye ya RCBO:

1. Guhitamo gusa hakoreshejwe ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi usigaye mu gihe wirengagije guhuza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ugereranije n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, bigatuma umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukabije ugenda ugabanuka kenshi;

2. Gukoresha nk'igikoresho cyo kurinda umuriro gusa kandi ukananirwa gukoresha uburyo bwacyo bwo kurinda umuriro mwinshi, bigatuma uruziga rudakora neza bitewe n'uko uruziga rudakora neza.