Uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu za AC muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza

Mu buryo bwa none bw'amashanyarazi,igice cyo gukwirakwizaikora nk'ikiraro cy'ingenzi gihuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'abakoresha ba nyuma. Ubudahangarwa n'imikorere myiza ya sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza ingufu bigena mu buryo butaziguye uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa neza n'umutekano w'amashanyarazi, bigashyigikira inganda, imikorere y'imijyi, n'imibereho ya buri munsi y'abaturage. Nk'ikigo cy'ibanze mu bisubizo by'ikoranabuhanga, PEOPLE yakomeje guteza imbere impinduka mu miterere y'ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, itanga inkunga ikomeye ku mpinduka z'ingufu ku isi. Iyi ngingo ishyira mu byiciro kandi isobanura uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisimburana (AC) zikoreshwa muri sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza ingufu.

Uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu za AC: Koroherana no gukora neza nk'inkingi y'ingufu zigezweho

Ingufu zisimburana (AC) zimaze kuba igisubizo cy’ingenzi muri sisitemu zigezweho zo gukwirakwiza umuriro, bitewe n’inyungu zazo zirimo kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi, gukoresha neza imashini zitwara amashanyarazi mu ntera ndende, hamwe n’ikiguzi gito cy’imari n’imikorere y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bifitanye isano. Zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe amanota y’amashanyarazi n’imiterere y’insinga, sisitemu zitanga amashanyarazi za AC zigabanyijemo ibice bikurikira:

Sisitemu y'insinga eshatu z'icyiciro cya gatatu

Iyi miterere ikora ku buryo bworoshye bwo kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu byiciro bitatu binyuze mu guhuza delta (△) cyangwa imiterere y'imiyoboro y'inyenyeri (Y). Ifite imiterere yoroshye y'imiterere n'imiterere ihamye y'ingufu, ikoreshwa gusa mu bihe birimoimitwaro iringaniye y'ibice bitatuIkoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ikwirakwiza umuriro mwinshi (urugero, sisitemu za 35kV–60kV), ibyuma bitera moteri mu nganda, hamwe n’amatara manini yihariye mu nganda/ubucuruzi.

Sisitemu y'insinga enye z'icyiciro cya gatatu

Iyi sisitemu igizwe n'ibyuma bitatu by'amashanyarazi (insinga zikora) n'icyuma kimwe cy'amashanyarazi kidakoresha ingufu nyinshi, itanga ingufu zingana na 380V/220V. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane, ishobora guhaza ingufu zikenewe n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nyinshi mu byiciro bitatu (bikoresha 380V) n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi make mu byiciro bimwe (bikoresha 220V). Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku isi hose mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi make n'amatara, aho ibikorwa by'ingenzi bikorerwa mu mazu yo guturamo, mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi, mu mijyi rusange, no mu nganda rusange.

Sisitemu y'insinga ebyiri y'icyiciro kimwe

Iyi miterere y'ibanze igizwe n'umuyoboro umwe w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro umwe utagira aho ubogamiye, itanga ingufu za 220V zisanzwe. Ifite ibiciro biri hasi byo kubaka, ishyiraho insinga zoroshye, kandi yoroheye kuyikoresha no kuyisana, nyamara igorwa n'ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara imizigo. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga ingufu z'amatara yo mu nzu, ibikoresho bito byo mu rugo, n'ibikoresho byo mu biro by'amashanyarazi make.

Izindi gahunda zihariye

Uburyo bwo kugarura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu byiciro bitatu bufite sisitemu yo kugarura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: Mbere bwakoreshwaga mu miyoboro yo gukwirakwiza mu cyaro, ubu buryo bwagiye bugabanuka buhoro buhoro mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi igezweho bitewe n'intege nke mu mutekano w'amashanyarazi, ubwizigame mu mikorere, n'ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi.

Sisitemu y'insinga imwe y'icyiciro cya gatatu: Imiterere yihariye yagenewe gusa gutanga amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu nzira ya gari ya moshi, aho sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu nsinga imwe ya 27.5kV ari yo ikoreshwa cyane mu nzira za gari ya moshi zikoresha amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi yihuta cyane.